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UNSC Expansion Would 'Certify Transition From US Unipolarism to Multipolarity': Scholar_我的网站

A |     도시철 1호선 구형 전동차 퇴역                   26일 부산도시철도 1호선 구형 전동차가 마지막으로 운행하며 부산대역으로 들어오고 있다. 국내 최초 스테인리스 차체와 자동운전 시스템을 적용한 이 전동차는 1997년 6월 25일 첫 운행해 약 300만 ㎞를 달렸다. 전민철 기자- 승객들, 사진 찍으며 추억 남겨- 교통공사 교체사업 9년 마무리부산 도시 철로를 처음으로 누빈 도시철도 1호선 구형 세대 전동차가 마지막 운행으로 마침표를 찍었다. 도입 41년 만에 마지막 차량까지 운행을 종료하면서 기나긴 주행을 마무리했는데, 그간 시민의 발이 됐던 만큼 마지막 순간을 함께 한 승객과 직원은 고마운 마음과 함께 애정 어린 아쉬움을 표했다.26일 오전 9시17분 부산 도시철도 1호선 다대포해수욕장역. 마지막 1호선 구형 전동차인 45편성 차량이 최후의 주행을 시작했다. 운전실 방면으로 가까워질수록 전동차의 마지막을 기억하기 위해 몰린 인파로 북적였다. 한 승객은 매 역마다 사진을 찍으며 추억을 남기려 했다. 승객 강도현(20) 씨는 “학교가 멀어 4년 전부터 1호선을 매일 탔다”며 “그간 추억이 담긴 전동차의 마지막을 보고 싶어 왔다”고 말했다.부산대역 도착 직전에는 기관사가 안내 방송을 통해 “여러분이 승차한 이 열차는 오늘 운행을 끝으로 29년간의 영업 운행을 종료하게 됐다”고 말했다. 이어 오전 10시36분 종점인 노포역 도착 직전 이병진 부산교통공사 사장이 “지금까지 열차와 함께해준 모든 분께 감사하다”며 “여러분의 소중한 추억 속에서 오래도록 기억해 주길 바란다”고 방송했다. 방송이 끝난 뒤, 승객 사이에선 오랜 시간 1호선을 누빈 구형 전동차를 기리는 박수와 환호성이 터져나왔다.이후 노포기지 입출고선에서 정차한 45편성은 검수고로 향했다. 마지막 철로를 누빈 전동차는 경적을 울리며 검수고로 들어갔으며 검수 직원과 기관사들을 각각 대표해 전현 검수팀장과 구재민 기관사가 환송받았다. 추첨을 통해 마지막 운행 행사에 참석한 이혜선(43) 씨는 “KTX 열차가 태몽이었던 초등생 아들이 열차를 정말 좋아해서 함께 왔다”며 “마지막 운행을 볼 수 있어 감회가 새롭고 현장을 본 아들도 뛸 듯이 기뻐했다”고 전했다.도시철도 1호선 구형 전동차는 1985년 7월 부산 도시철도가 처음 개통할 때 최초로 운행했던 전동차다. 당시 국내 최초 스테인리스 재질에 자동운전시스템을 적용해 주목받았다. 이날 마지막 운행을 한 45편성은 1호선 구형 전동차 세대의 마지막 차량으로, 1997년 6월 25일 첫 운행을 시작해 약 300만 ㎞를 달렸다. 최초의 1호선 구형 전동차인 1편성 차량은 역사적 상징성과 기술적 가치를 인정받아 2024년 시 등록 문화유산으로 지정돼 역사전시관으로 바뀌어 보존되고 있다.이로써 2017년 4330억 원을 투입해 시작한 1호선 구형 전동차 교체 사업이 9년 만에 마무리됐다. 신형 전동차는 총 51개 편성으로, 좌석 폭이 더 넓어지고 불이 잘 붙지 않는 소재를 사용해 화재 안전성도 확보했다. 도시철도 2호선 역시 올해 안으로 신형 전동차 반입을 시작해 내년부터 순차적으로 영업 운행을 시작한다.마지막 주행을 맡았던 구재민 기관사는 “오늘 운행하면서 1호선 구형 전동차를 사랑하는 부산 시민의 마음을 확실히 느꼈다”며 “승객의 발이자 기관사 검수직원 등 부산교통공사 모두의 손길이 닿은 전동차의 마지막을 운행할 수 있어 영광이었다”고 강조했다.。    The UN General Assembly in New York is meeting Tuesday to discuss ways to make the Security Council more representative and equitable.,The meeting, convened by General Assembly President Abdulla Shahid in a letter dated July 7, is tasked with deliberating the “question of equitable representation and an increase in the membership of the Security Council and other matters related to the Security Council.” Sahid is expected to present a draft oral decision “following consultations” with General Assembly members.,A draft presented on the UN’s website reaffirms “the central role of the General Assembly concerning the question of equitable representation on and increase in the membership of the Security Council,” and expresses “the commitment of heads of state and government representing the peoples of the world to instill new life in the discussions on the reform of the Security Council.”,The draft proposes the continuation of “intergovernmental negotiations on Security Council reform” at the upcoming 77th General Assembly in September, including the creation of an “open-ended working group” to discuss the matter.,Background,Created as part of the United Nations after the end of the Second World War, the Security Council consists of the world’s five major nuclear powers (Russia, China, the United States, France, and Britain) and 10 rotating non-permanent members. Collectively, their main goal is the maintenance of international peace and security.,A key difference between the UN and its Security Council and the League of Nations – the defunct intergovernmental organization formed in the aftermath of the First World War, is the inclusion in the former of the right for each permanent member to veto substantive resolutions made by other members, such as accepting new members into the UN, or authorizing the use of force against another country.,The veto concept was a hard-fought victory of the Soviet delegation at the San Francisco conference on the UN’s formation. Moscow argued for the right of veto to prevent one or more major powers from ganging up on others to pursue national geopolitical, economic, or military interests at the expense of others using the UN platform to provide such actions with legitimacy.,The veto principle enabled the Security Council and the UN generally to the survive multiple international crises, both during the Cold War and in the three decades after 1991, and ensured that the UN did not collapse, as its League of Nations predecessor did, in times of crisis.,Putin on 75th Anniversary of WWII: Shared Responsibility to History and Future18 June 2020, 19:47 GMT,Why Reform Now?,The Security Council underwent two major reforms: in 1965, when the original non-permanent membership was increased from six to ten to account for the emergence of new countries in the Global South after the collapse of European colonial empires, and in 1971, when the US dropped its veto to allow the People’s Republic of China to take up its rightful seat at the Security Council, replacing Taiwan.,Discussions on reforming the Security Council began anew in the early 1990s, as the United States and its allies, convinced of their triumph and status as leaders of a new global order following the collapse of the USSR, began discussing the "end of history" and conceptualizing ways to make the 21st century an “American century.” On the other side of the debate, rising powers from the Third World began pushing to reform the UN to make it more representative of their interests.,In 2005, rising economic giants India and Brazil, as well as Germany and Japan, the defeated Axis powers, formed the so-called G4 group of nations to support one another’s push for permanent Security Council membership. In 2005, then-UN Secretary General Kofi Annan put forward a proposal to expand the council to 24 members, either by creating six new permanent members and three new non-permanent ones, or eight new non-permanent members of a new class of rotating members and one additional non-permanent seat. In 2017, the G4 announced their readiness to temporarily accept non-veto wielding status to become permanent Security Council members.,Opponents of reforming the Security Council have made arguments on the basis of perceived balance of power-related concerns, such as Pakistan opposing India’s permanent membership, or Spain and Italy opposing German membership, South Korea opposing Japanese membership, and major Latin American powers like Argentina, Mexico, and Colombia opposing Brazil’s membership. Other rising powers, such as Turkey, have argued in favor of the Security Council’s expansion to better represent Asian, Latin American, and African countries.,Moscow has paid a heavy price for its permanent membership in the Security Council, first through its central role in defeating Nazi Germany and Japan during the Second World War, and then in 1991, by taking upon itself the entirety of the USSR’s $66 billion perestroika-era debt after the country’s collapse. But Russia has also expressed support for reforming the body to better represent developing nations, particularly India and Brazil, as well as a candidate from Africa. At BRICS summits in 2021 and 2022, Russia and China reiterated their continued support for improving the BRICS’ status at the UN, including via a comprehensive reform of the Security Council.,Iran Asks to Join BRICS27 June, 17:19 GMT,In recent months, these calls have grown louder, with Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov indicating in April that countries from the Global South would be an excellent way to curb the “unilateralism” of the West at the UN.,Last week, Russian Ambassador to China Andrei Denisov reaffirmed Russia’s readiness to discuss the expansion of the Security Council to provide membership to India and Brazil, but not US allies Germany and Japan.,“Russia is calling for the expansion of the UN Security Council based on a broad consensus. It requires increasing the proportionate share of African, Asian and Latin American countries for the UN Security Council to be able to reflect the aspirations of people around the world and be a more democratic body,” Denisov said, speaking at the World Peace Forum in Beijing on July 4.,“At the same time, I would like to be frank – we aren’t ready to support the accession of actors such as Germany and Japan. We don’t see any added value from their potential accession. Given the current balance on the Council – or imbalance, I should say, the membership of the two aforementioned candidates is unlikely to strengthen it, rather it will make the imbalance even more striking,” the diplomat stressed.,An Idea Whose Time Has Come?,“It appears that all nations are aware that the UNSC must become more inclusive and representative of the reality of today’s world,” says Paolo Raffone, director of the CIPI Foundation, a Brussels-based think tank.,According to the observer, apart from the 1971 modification of the Council to reflect China taking over Taiwan’s seat, the UNSC of today still largely “reflects the world of 1945.”,“For many years the UNSC has been blocked by cross-veto proceedings, affecting stability and peace in the world. Unblocking the UNSC is the most urgent need for all nations wishing for the effectiveness of a rule-based international systems,” Raffone argues.,Raffone favors adding BRICS countries into the mix, pointing to their collective status representing “the largest share of world population, land and [purchasing power parity],” as well as “spectacular” economic growth over the past two decades. “Their inclusion in the UNSC would certainly strive to keep globalization alive under new rules and governance,” and reduce problems such as lack of democracy, poor geographical representation, and “lack of legitimacy for ensuring global governance” of the current body, he believes.,The observer emphasizes, however, that for any reform initiative to succeed, two-thirds of the UN’s member states would have vote for and ratify it, with every permanent member of the Security Council also needing to agree – no easy task to pull off.,EXCLUSIVE: New Delhi Does Not Support Attempts to Isolate Russia, Says Russian Ambassador to India5 July, 10:29 GMT,New Multipolar World Order,“The enlargement of the UN Security Council would formally certify, on the international level, the transition from US unipolarism to the new multipolar architecture. It would be an epochal event!” says Tiberio Graziani, chairman of Vision & Global Trends: International Institute for Global Analyses, an Italy-based international affairs think tank.,Graziani is convinced that the benefits from the body’s expansion would be multifold, including rebalancing power in international organizations “hitherto essentially ‘Westernist’” and “hegemonized” by the West. “Above all,” he says, “enlargement would be essential to ensure greater stability” in the “turbulent geopolitical and geo-economic transition” that the present moment represents.,The observer stresses that any reforms would need to be gradual to prevent an institutional crisis, but admits that “some reforms must be radical,” given the organization’s dominance by Western powers.,Like Raffone, Graziani supports the increased visibility of BRICS nations in the body, citing their outsized significance to global security and the economy and underrepresentation in this sense.,“At the moment we are in a particular situation: on the one hand there is the West led by the United States and the British which constitutes a conservative pole that aims to maintain a hegemonic role on a planetary level, on the other hand there is a set of nations (basically the BRICS countries) which demand a greater presence in global decisions. Within the framework of the UN, the contribution of the BRICS countries would be fundamental since it would guarantee a balance that has not been there so far,” Graziani believes.,The observer stresses that there simply is no alternative to the UN’s authority in international affairs, and that subsequently, “a new, more balanced (multipolar) international forum needs to be set up” in the present situation.。

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